社會結構

Henner, J., & Robinson, O. (2023). Unsettling languages, unruly bodyminds: A crip linguistics manifesto. Journal of Critical Study of Communication & Disability, 1(1), 7-37.

• Hobson, H. M., Toseeb, U., & Gibson, J. L. (2024). Developmental language disorder and neurodiversity: Surfacing contradictions, tensions and unanswered questions. International journal of language & communication disorders.

  Zaks, Z. (2023). Changing the medical model of disability to the normalization model of disability: Clarifying the past to create a new future direction. Disability & Society, 1-28.

  Bauman, H. D., & Murray, J. (2009). Reframing: From hearing loss to deaf gain. Deaf Studies Digital Journal, 1(1), 1-10.

• Bunbury, S. (2019). Unconscious bias and the medical model: How the social model may hold the key to transformative thinking about disability discrimination. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 19(1), 26-47.

  Swain, J., & French, S. (2000). Towards an affirmation model of disability. Disability & Society, 15(4), 569-582.

  假如我們理解兩個模子分別飾演的腳色，那麼均衡醫學和社會概念是可能的。社會說話學視角展現多樣性，醫學模子重視小我意願。社會模子的角色是消除社會障礙，創設包涵多樣性的社會。

  是以，去中心化的醫學協助可以參與。但是，有時刻社會模子並不是那麼接近失能者的實際需求。這不單單是為了減緩失能者的身心痛苦，還提供實現其實際需乞降肯定目的的方式。

  參考文獻

  
  

• Flores, N., & Rosa, J. (2015). Undoing appropriateness: Raciolinguistic ideologies and language diversity in education. Harvard educational review, 85(2), 149-171.

• Easton, C., & Verdon, S. (2021). The influence of linguistic bias upon speech-language pathologists’ attitudes toward clinical scenarios involving nonstandard dialects of English. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(5), 1973-1989.

  Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: Thirty years on. Disability & Society, 28(7), 1024-1026.

  Pierre, J. S. (2013). The Construction of the Disabled Speaker: Locating Stuttering in Disability Studies. In Literature, speech disorders, and disability (pp. 9-23). Routledge.