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這不單單是為了緩解失能者的身肉痛苦,還提供實現其現實需乞降肯定方針的方式。然而,有時刻社會模子並不是那麼接近失能者的現實需求。假如我們理解兩個模子離別扮演的腳色,那麼平衡醫學和社會觀點是可能的。是以,去中心化的醫學協助可以介入。社會模型的腳色是消弭社會障礙,豎立包涵多樣性的社會。社會語言學視角展現多樣性,醫學模子正視小我意願。 從社會說話學的角度看,一種方式是提倡一個包容性的社會構造或工作情況,認識其其實對話交換中的責任不是片面的,而是落在每個參與者上,當對話上碰到困難時,介入者有劃一的責任。例如,口吃者的講話可能不聯貫,而聽者也可能急於替口吃者完成句子,或毛病地假定口吃者行將說的話。
社會語言學視角偏重於顯現個體的神經多樣性和切磋造成失能的社會障礙,但有時它未能捕獲到社會實際。
每一個個體對其身體如何和什麽時候最先和截至醫療協助具有充實的自立權,提供更靈活的方式來應對他們的實際需求,並為成為分歧社群的參與者打開了可能性。另外一種方式是訴諸去正常化的醫學模子,此模子為失能者供應醫療協助,以實現他們設定的目的。
若是個別聾人和口吃者願意或進展為了某些緣由改變口音和講話節拍,那麼醫療協助可以輔助他們,但這不是為了正常化,而是為了實現個人目的和價值觀。參考文獻
Hobson, H. M., Toseeb, U., & Gibson, J. L. (2024). Developmental language disorder and neurodiversity: Surfacing contradictions, tensions and unanswered questions. International journal of language & communication disorders.
要均衡病理和社會概念就需要最小化說話正常化的影響。社會模子側重於消弭障礙和建立包涵多樣性的社會,而去污名化的醫學模子不僅緩解身肉痛苦,還提供知足現實需乞降小我方針的方式。
消弭醫學模子中的說話正常化能夠使多元的說話利用不再被汙名化,並付與失能者依照他們意願糊口的權力。社會說話學視角強調多樣性為社會的終究目的,而醫學模型尊敬實現個人意願的自立權。醫學模子將失能歸因於個別責任,而不是強調整決失能者真正的身心需求。通過理解各自對失能者所飾演的腳色,可以實現醫學和社會觀點之間的均衡。去除正常化以後,醫學模子更能將重點放在減緩疾苦和支持失能者實現其自我界說的目標、融入社群並自我認同。Easton, C., & Verdon, S. (2021). The influence of linguistic bias upon speech-language pathologists’ attitudes toward clinical scenarios involving nonstandard dialects of English. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(5), 1973-1989.
作者介紹
Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: Thirty years on. Disability & Society, 28(7), 1024-1026.
Wendell, S. (2013). The rejected body: Feminist philosophical reflections on disability. Routledge.
Pierre, J. S. (2013). The Construction of the Disabled Speaker: Locating Stuttering in Disability Studies. In Literature, speech disorders, and disability (pp. 9-23). Routledge.
